How does a greenhouse work?
The working principle of greenhouses is mainly based on the "greenhouse effect". By using transparent covering materials (such as glass or plastic film) to build a closed or semi-enclosed space, solar radiation is allowed to enter while reducing the loss of internal heat, thereby creating a stable and suitable growth environment for crops. The following is a detailed explanation of the working principle of greenhouses:
1. Locking in the heat of sunlight and raising the temperature of the greenhouse
1) The covering materials of the greenhouse allow sunlight to penetrate and enter the interior of the greenhouse. These materials can effectively absorb the heat of solar radiation and raise the temperature in the greenhouse.
2) After the ground and crops absorb solar radiation, they will release heat outward in the form of long-wave radiation, but the materials of the greenhouse have a low transmittance to long-wave radiation. Most of the long-wave radiation is blocked by the materials and reflected back into the interior of the greenhouse, further heating the indoor air and soil to achieve a warming effect.
2. Finely control environmental factors to create suitable growth conditions
1) Control of light conditions: The transparent covering of the greenhouse can filter out some ultraviolet rays in short-wave sunlight and absorb long-wave infrared rays to maintain the heat balance in the greenhouse. At the same time, artificial light sources can be supplemented to ensure normal photosynthesis of plants.
2) Fine temperature control: The temperature control system monitors the temperature inside and outside the greenhouse in real time through sensors, and fine-tunes the temperature inside the greenhouse according to preset standards to ensure that the temperature is always in the optimal range for crop growth.
3) Scientific management of humidity: Through equipment such as irrigation systems and humidity controllers, the humidity level is accurately controlled to prevent mold growth caused by excessive humidity.
4) CO2 concentration control: The greenhouse controls the CO2 concentration through special equipment to provide plants with sufficient CO2 supply, improve photosynthesis efficiency, promote plant growth and increase yield.
3. Pest and disease control strategy
1) The closed environment of the greenhouse provides a natural barrier for crops, effectively reducing the invasion of pests and diseases.
2) Equipped with filtering and dust removal equipment, using sticky insect boards and installing insect screens to further reduce the incidence of pests and diseases, and spray control agents in time for prevention and control according to the pest and disease situation.
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